The BVCA works across a wide range of areas and engages with a number of government departments and international bodies from across the world.
We are conscious that many acronyms are used and for the benefit of our members, some of these are explained below.
UK Government Bodies
HMT
HM Treasury
HMT is the government’s economic and finance ministry. It is responsible for a number of policy areas that impact the private equity and venture capital industry, including financial regulation and taxation.
HMRC
HM Revenue & Customs
HMRC is a non-ministerial department of the UK Government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, and the administration of other regulatory regimes.
BEIS
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
BEIS is the government ministry responsible for business, industrial strategy, science, innovation, energy and climate change policy. The BVCA has worked with BEIS and its predecessor, BIS, on a number of areas, including company law, corporate governance, cutting red tape and the register of people with significant control.
FCA
Financial Conduct Authority
The FCA is the conduct regulator for the financial services industry in the UK, and the prudential regulator for those parts of the sector that are not regulated by the Prudential Regulation Authority, including private equity and venture capital.
PRA
Prudential Regulation Authority
The PRA is part of the Bank of England. It is the prudential regulator for banks, building societies, credit unions, insurers and major investment firms.
FPC
Financial Policy Committee
The FPC is part of the Bank of England responsible for identifying and monitoring systemic risks to the UK financial system, including levels of leverage and debt. It can make recommendations to the FCA and PRA to introduce changes to mitigate risks to the financial system.
FRC
Financial Reporting Council
The FRC is the UK’s independent regulator for promoting high quality corporate governance and reporting. The FRC sets standards for corporate reporting and audit practice and monitors and enforces accounting and auditing standards. It also oversees the regulatory activities of the professional accountancy bodies.
The European Union
European Council
The European Council consists of the heads of government of the 28 EU Member States. It sets the general political direction of the EU and establishes its priorities by adopting “conclusions” following quarterly summits. It is not one of the EU’s legislating bodies, and should not be confused with the Council of the European Union (see below).
European Commission
The European Commission is the executive branch of the European Union. It has the sole power to initiate legislative proposals, which must be approved by both the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (see below). While the Commission does not have the power to introduce or veto amendments to legislation, if it objects to amendments unanimity is required in the Council for the amendments to be adopted. This, along with the Commission’s agenda setting power, makes it a key player in negotiations over EU laws.
Council of the European Union
The Council of the European Union is one of the European Union’s two ‘co-legislators’, along with the European Parliament (see below). It consists of government Ministers from the EU Member States who meet to discuss, amend and adopt laws proposed by the European Commission (see above).
European Parliament
The European Parliament is, along with the Council of the European Union, one the EU’s co-legislators. It is composed of 751 elected MEPs organised into 8 recognised political groupings. The Parliament can approve and amend proposals made by the Commission, but must agree a final text with the Council in order for a proposal to become law.
Trialogue
Trialogues are informal meetings of representatives from the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission. They are used to agree amendments to legislation that are acceptable to all three parties.
ESAs
European Supervisory Authorities
The European Banking Authority (EBA), the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), and the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) are the three European Supervisory Authorities. While national supervisory authorities remain in charge of supervising individual financial institutions, the ESAs aim to improve the functioning of the internal market by promoting harmonised European regulation and supervision by developing Level 2 regulation (secondary legislation) and guidance. They are accountable to the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union.
ESMA
European Securities and Markets Authority
ESMA, based in Paris, is the ESA (see above) responsible for promoting stable and orderly financial markets. ESMA’s remit includes markets and securities regulation, asset management and investor protection.
EIOPA
European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority
EIOPA, based in Frankfurt, is the ESA (see above) responsible for the supervision of the insurance and pension sectors, and ensuing that policyholders are sufficiently protected.
EBA
European Banking Authority
The EBA, based in London, is the ESA (see above) responsible for the banking sector. Its overall objectives are to maintain the EU’s financial stability and to safeguard the integrity, efficiency and orderly functioning of the banking sector.
RTS
Regulatory Technical Standards
Level 1 (primary) legislation may empower the Commission to adopt technical standards in the form of RTS. The RTS are prepared by the relevant ESAs, and submitted to the Commission, which has 3 months to adopt the RTS or send them back to the ESAs for amendment. Once adopted by the Commission, there is a 1 month window (which may be extended to 3 months) for the European Parliament and the Council to object to the proposals.
ITS
Implementing Technical Standards
Level 1 (primary) legislation may empower the Commission to adopt technical standards in the form of ITS. The ITS are prepared by the relevant ESAs, and submitted to the Commission, which has 3 months to adopt the RTS or send them back to the ESAs for amendment. Unlike RTS (see above), ITS are not scrutinised by the Parliament or the Council.
ECB
European Central Bank
The ECB is the central bank for the Eurozone. It is responsible for monetary policy in the Eurozone, as well as identifying and monitoring systemic threats to financial stability such as excessive levels of leverage and debt.
EIB
European Investment Bank
The EIB is the EU's development bank, owned by the Member States. It uses its creditworthiness to borrow at low rates on international capital markets and works closely with other EU institutions to finance projects that contribute to EU policy objectives.
EIF
European Investment Fund
The EIF is a specialist provider of risk finance to SMEs across Europe. Between 2011 and 2015 the EIF invested €2.3bn into UK venture capital and growth funds. It is majority owned by the EIB (see above).
The European Private Equity & Venture Capital Industry
BVK
Bundesverband Deutscher
The BVK is the German private equity and venture capital trade association.
Invest Europe
Invest Europe, formerly EVCA, is the pan-European trade body for private equity and venture capital.
EPER
European Private Equity Roundtable
EPER is the Invest Europe committee that represents large buyout houses. It feeds into the policy work of Invest Europe and the PAE (see below).
France Invest
France Invest is the French private equity and venture capital trade association.
PAE
Public Affairs Executive
The PAE is the industry’s strategic decision-making body for EU-level public affairs. It consists of representatives from the venture capital, mid-market and large buyout parts of the private equity industry, as well as institutional investors and representatives of national private equity associations, including the BVCA. The PAE makes policy submissions on behalf of the European private equity and venture capital industry to the European Institutions and international bodies.
PSC
Professional Standards Committee
The PSC is the Invest Europe Committee that helps to ensure that proper professional standards are maintained across the European private equity and venture capital industry through its member firms’ support of an industry-led Code of Conduct.
Rep Group
European Representative Group
The Rep Group consists of Invest Europe and the private equity and venture capital associations from individual EU Member States, including the BVCA. It provides a forum for coordinating action at a Member State level and feeds into the work of the PAE (see above).
TLRC
Tax Legal and Regulatory Committee
The TLRC is the Invest Europe Committee that deals with tax, legal and regulatory matters affecting the European private equity and venture capital industry. The TLRC provides expert advice to the PAE, of which its chair is a member, and drafts position papers and consultation responses for approval by the PAE.
International
IOSCO
International Organization of Securities Commissions
IOSCO the international body that brings together national securities regulators, and develops, implements and promotes adherence to international standards for securities regulation. The FCA (see above) is the UK member. It works closely with the G20 and the FSB (see below) on the international regulatory agenda.
FSB
Financial Stability Board
The FSB is the international body responsible for promoting financial stability. It identifies and monitors global systemic risks, and works with national authorities and international standard setting bodies to respond to threats as they arise. The FSB is chaired by Bank of England Governor, Mark Carney.
OECD
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
The OECD is an intergovernmental economic organisation designed to promote policies that will improve economic and social well-being. It has a wide-ranging remit including trade and investment, economic growth, employment, health, education and tax. The OECD is responsible for the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative which looks to tackle tax avoidance strategies that exploit gaps and mismatches in tax rules to artificially shift profits to low or no-tax locations.
G20
The G20 is the central forum for international cooperation on financial and economic issues made up of 19 countries and the European Union. Much of the global tax transparency agenda and post-financial crisis regulatory framework originated in discussions between finance ministers, central bankers and heads of government at a G20 level.
FATF
Financial Action Task Force
FATF is an inter-governmental body established to set global standards for combating money laundering, terrorist financing and related threats to the integrity of the international financial system. FATF also monitors the progress of its members in implementing the measures it recommends.
Other Trade Associations and Industry Bodies
ABI
Association of British Insurers
The ABI is the trade body for the insurance industry and providers of savings products and services.
AIC
Association of Investment Companies
The AIC represents the mutual funds industry as well as some venture capital trusts.
AIMA
Alternative Investment Management Association
AIMA is the global trade associations for the hedge fund and private debt fund industry.
AFME
Association for Financial Markets in Europe
AFME is the trade body for participants in wholesale financial markets. Primarily leading European and global investment banks as well as other significant capital market players.
EFAMA
European Fund and Asset Management Association
EFAMA is the trade association for the traditional European investment management industry.
IA
The Investment Association
The Investment Association is the trade body that represents the UK’s traditional investment management industry.
ILPA
Institutional Limited Partners Association
ILPA is the global industry association for private equity Limited Partners. It aims to promote best practice in the private equity industry, and publishes standardised industry documents and reporting templates.
JMLSG
Joint Money Laundering Steering Group
The Joint Money Laundering Steering Group is made up of the leading UK trade associations in the financial services Industry. Its aim is to promulgate good practice in countering money laundering and to give practical assistance in interpreting the UK Money Laundering Regulations. This is primarily achieved by the publication of industry-specific guidance.
OTS
Office for Tax Simplification
The OTS is an independent office of HM Treasury and gives independent advice to the government on simplifying the UK tax system.
PERG
Private Equity Reporting Group
The PERG is the independent body that monitors conformity with the Walker Guidelines on transparency and disclosure within UK private equity industry. PERG also makes recommendations to the BVCA on improvements in the levels of openness and communication amongst the largest private equity houses in the UK.
WMA
Wealth Management Association
The WMA is the UK trade association for wealth managers, private banks and stockbrokers.
UK Finance
UK Finance represents firms providing finance, banking, markets and payments-related services in the UK. This organisation was created in 2017 by combining most of the activities of the Asset Based Finance Association (ABFA), the British Bankers’ Association (BBA), the Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML), Financial Fraud Action UK (FFA), Payments UK, and the UK Cards Association.
US Regulation
Investment Adviser
Any person who, for compensation, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities or who, for compensation and as part of a regular business, issues or promulgates analyses or reports concerning securities (Section 202(a)(11), Investment Advisers Act of 1940).
RIA
Registered Investment Adviser
An investment adviser that is registered under the Investment Advisers Act with the SEC (see below) and/or state securities authorities, as applicable.
ERA
Exempt Reporting Advisor
An investment adviser exempt from registration with the SEC due to falling within the Venture Capital Fund, Foreign Private Adviser or Private Fund Adviser exemptions, among others.
FATCA
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
FATCA is a 2010 United States federal law to enforce the requirement for United States persons including those living outside the U.S. to file yearly reports on their non-U.S. financial accounts to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCEN).
SEC
Securities and Exchange Commission
The SEC is an independent government body in the US, and its aim is to protect investors; maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets; and facilitate capital formation.
How the BVCA influences policy
The private equity industry’s primary decision-making body for political engagement at a European level is the Public Affairs Executive (PAE), which brings together practitioners from across Europe, representatives from national venture capital associations and Invest Europe—the pan-European industry body. The BVCA, France Invest (the French trade association) and the BVK (the German trade association) have permanent seats on the PAE, and Invest Europe provides the secretariat. Other national trade associations have a rotating seat filled by the country holding the EU presidency, and also feed into decision making through the European Representative Group—a deliberating body composed of representatives of all the national private equity and venture capital associations and Invest Europe.
The BVCA engages directly with policy makers in the UK and international bodies outside of the European Union. However, our close relationship with our colleagues in Europe ensures that our positions are joined up, and the European industry speaks with a unified voice.